1 00:00:02,042 --> 00:00:03,208 [Dan voiceover] 2 00:00:08,542 --> 00:00:11,167 [upbeat music] 3 00:00:14,292 --> 00:00:18,292 Imagine a time when parents sent their kids in the mail. 4 00:00:19,458 --> 00:00:22,708 - Once it's found out that kids can be mailed. 5 00:00:22,708 --> 00:00:26,375 - At least seven other families mail their children. 6 00:00:26,375 --> 00:00:29,667 One girl was mailed from Florida to Virginia. 7 00:00:30,625 --> 00:00:32,250 - Or a journey so daunting, 8 00:00:32,250 --> 00:00:35,542 it requires courage no man can muster. 9 00:00:35,542 --> 00:00:38,417 - Nobody really knows how a human body would react 10 00:00:38,417 --> 00:00:40,375 to being launched into orbit. 11 00:00:40,375 --> 00:00:42,667 So, you can't send a man, 12 00:00:42,667 --> 00:00:44,125 well, you send his best friend. 13 00:00:45,375 --> 00:00:48,167 - How about traveling deep behind enemy lines 14 00:00:48,167 --> 00:00:49,667 using only your mind? 15 00:00:51,042 --> 00:00:53,042 - The US military is using one man's mind 16 00:00:53,042 --> 00:00:56,000 to spy on America's enemies. 17 00:00:56,000 --> 00:00:59,625 - Some people believe these programs continue to this day. 18 00:01:00,875 --> 00:01:03,917 - These are the journeys so extraordinary, 19 00:01:03,917 --> 00:01:06,792 they are truly unbelievable. 20 00:01:06,792 --> 00:01:09,375 [upbeat music] 21 00:01:19,333 --> 00:01:21,417 Anybody who's ever taken a brutal red eye next to a 22 00:01:21,417 --> 00:01:25,083 screaming infant knows traveling with babies is no picnic. 23 00:01:25,083 --> 00:01:27,250 But at the dawn of the 20th century, 24 00:01:27,250 --> 00:01:29,542 penny-pinching parents discovered a novel way 25 00:01:29,542 --> 00:01:32,250 to farm out sending your kids to grandma's, 26 00:01:32,250 --> 00:01:34,458 thanks to a bizarre loophole. 27 00:01:37,208 --> 00:01:41,208 - In 1913, the US Postal Service starts accepting packages 28 00:01:41,208 --> 00:01:43,083 that weigh over four pounds. 29 00:01:43,083 --> 00:01:44,875 So, naturally, people start testing the system. 30 00:01:44,875 --> 00:01:48,042 What can I mail now that there's no real weight limit? 31 00:01:48,042 --> 00:01:50,375 - People start shipping the most random things, 32 00:01:50,375 --> 00:01:54,833 bricks, eggs, chickens, just to see if it could be done. 33 00:01:54,833 --> 00:01:56,208 - In January of that year, 34 00:01:56,208 --> 00:02:00,125 a family from Ohio named the Beauges decide to stick 35 00:02:00,125 --> 00:02:02,625 a 15 cent postage stamp on their son 36 00:02:02,625 --> 00:02:05,833 and mail him to his grandma about a mile away. 37 00:02:07,417 --> 00:02:09,833 And here's the thing, it works. 38 00:02:11,250 --> 00:02:14,833 And so, once it's found out that kids can be mailed, 39 00:02:14,833 --> 00:02:18,417 essentially, you start to see this very small uprising 40 00:02:18,417 --> 00:02:21,042 of parents just slapping stamps on their kids 41 00:02:21,042 --> 00:02:22,625 and mailing them. 42 00:02:22,625 --> 00:02:24,833 - Between 1913 and 1915, 43 00:02:24,833 --> 00:02:28,583 at least seven other families mailed their children. 44 00:02:28,583 --> 00:02:30,958 The longest was one girl was mailed 45 00:02:30,958 --> 00:02:35,042 from Florida to Virginia, 720 miles. 46 00:02:35,042 --> 00:02:36,958 - [Dan] But this trend quickly gets stamped 47 00:02:36,958 --> 00:02:38,875 "Return to sender." 48 00:02:38,875 --> 00:02:40,458 - The US postmaster general 49 00:02:40,458 --> 00:02:43,125 does not find this practice adorable. 50 00:02:43,125 --> 00:02:46,208 So, he finally does what I think a lot of people 51 00:02:46,208 --> 00:02:48,083 didn't expect would be necessary, 52 00:02:48,083 --> 00:02:51,250 and he outlaws mailing your children in 1915. 53 00:02:53,500 --> 00:02:56,042 - Sending your toddler through the mail may be a strange way 54 00:02:56,042 --> 00:02:57,667 to save a few bucks, 55 00:02:57,667 --> 00:03:01,125 but few cheapskates compare to the frugal jet setter 56 00:03:01,125 --> 00:03:03,083 who risks it all just to make 57 00:03:03,083 --> 00:03:04,750 a three-year-old's birthday party. 58 00:03:07,042 --> 00:03:10,708 - It's England in 1964, a javelin thrower, 59 00:03:10,708 --> 00:03:13,792 an Australian named Reg Spiers is in England 60 00:03:13,792 --> 00:03:18,542 to qualify for the upcoming Tokyo Olympics. 61 00:03:18,542 --> 00:03:20,583 Reg is up for his very last throw. 62 00:03:20,583 --> 00:03:23,917 This is gonna make or break his Olympic dreams. 63 00:03:26,292 --> 00:03:31,208 - He hurls the javelin just short of the mark he needs 64 00:03:31,208 --> 00:03:33,250 to qualify for the Olympic team. 65 00:03:34,333 --> 00:03:36,000 - So, he's obviously super disappointed. 66 00:03:36,000 --> 00:03:37,542 He just wants to go home 67 00:03:37,542 --> 00:03:39,792 and he's got a daughter who's got a birthday coming up, 68 00:03:39,792 --> 00:03:41,958 but he's got an issue. 69 00:03:41,958 --> 00:03:43,708 - [Dan] Return tickets are expensive 70 00:03:43,708 --> 00:03:47,500 and Reg is short on cash, but he has a plan. 71 00:03:49,208 --> 00:03:50,792 - Reg gets a job at Heathrow Airport 72 00:03:50,792 --> 00:03:53,625 where he's loading cargo onto planes. 73 00:03:53,625 --> 00:03:55,708 He's starting to save up a bit of money, 74 00:03:55,708 --> 00:03:57,250 the flight is nearly within his reach, 75 00:03:57,250 --> 00:03:59,583 and then his wallet gets stolen. 76 00:04:01,042 --> 00:04:02,625 Talk about bad luck. 77 00:04:02,625 --> 00:04:04,917 - [Dan] While desperation might defeat some of us 78 00:04:04,917 --> 00:04:08,958 for a select few like Reg, it breeds innovation. 79 00:04:10,417 --> 00:04:12,958 - Since he's worked in the cargo area at the airport, 80 00:04:12,958 --> 00:04:16,500 he's now an expert on how cargo is shipped around the world. 81 00:04:17,750 --> 00:04:21,083 So, Reg's scheme is to build this large shipping crate, 82 00:04:21,083 --> 00:04:23,208 pack himself inside, 83 00:04:23,208 --> 00:04:26,917 and ship himself back to Australia as cargo. 84 00:04:26,917 --> 00:04:28,708 - [Dan] If you're wondering about the math here, 85 00:04:28,708 --> 00:04:29,917 it will, in fact, 86 00:04:29,917 --> 00:04:32,042 cost more to ship the container across the globe 87 00:04:32,042 --> 00:04:33,583 than buy a passenger ticket, 88 00:04:34,708 --> 00:04:37,042 but Reg has already thought this through. 89 00:04:37,042 --> 00:04:40,542 - So, his plan is to ship himself cash on delivery, 90 00:04:40,542 --> 00:04:42,792 which means that the airline doesn't get paid 91 00:04:42,792 --> 00:04:46,583 until someone shows up to sign for the shipment. 92 00:04:46,583 --> 00:04:49,750 His plan is to escape the crate right after they land 93 00:04:49,750 --> 00:04:52,375 and never actually get stuck paying the bill. 94 00:04:53,542 --> 00:04:55,250 - Reg is not much of a carpenter, 95 00:04:55,250 --> 00:04:58,208 so he recruits another athlete to help him, 96 00:04:58,208 --> 00:05:00,792 a guy named John McSorley. 97 00:05:00,792 --> 00:05:03,375 - McSorley and Reg account for everything. 98 00:05:03,375 --> 00:05:06,500 There's straps on the inside that he can hold onto 99 00:05:06,500 --> 00:05:08,792 when the crate is getting carted around, 100 00:05:08,792 --> 00:05:12,208 there's a removable lid so he can get a breath of fresh air 101 00:05:12,208 --> 00:05:14,417 or stretch himself during transit. 102 00:05:15,625 --> 00:05:17,292 - [Dan] Reg even loads the box with canned food, 103 00:05:17,292 --> 00:05:19,333 a flashlight, and two bottles, 104 00:05:19,333 --> 00:05:21,500 one for water and one for urine. 105 00:05:22,833 --> 00:05:25,833 Let's assume the flashlight helps tell them apart. 106 00:05:25,833 --> 00:05:27,667 - All of this is dangerous and sketchy, 107 00:05:27,667 --> 00:05:31,125 so right before takeoff, he does one last thing. 108 00:05:31,125 --> 00:05:33,333 He tells John he will let him know that he made it 109 00:05:33,333 --> 00:05:35,000 to Australia safely, 110 00:05:35,000 --> 00:05:37,833 assuming he survives the journey, that is. 111 00:05:37,833 --> 00:05:40,083 - He booked shipping on an Air India plane 112 00:05:40,083 --> 00:05:43,542 that's ultimately destined to land in Perth, Australia. 113 00:05:43,542 --> 00:05:45,375 - This is going to be a three-day voyage 114 00:05:45,375 --> 00:05:47,208 with multiple stopovers, 115 00:05:47,208 --> 00:05:48,542 but if it all goes to plan, 116 00:05:48,542 --> 00:05:50,917 reg will be back in Australia just in time 117 00:05:50,917 --> 00:05:52,875 for his daughter's birthday. 118 00:05:52,875 --> 00:05:56,792 - Reg's first stop on this three-day journey is Mumbai. 119 00:05:56,792 --> 00:05:59,000 They take the crate off the plane, 120 00:05:59,000 --> 00:06:03,375 and there's Reg stuck in the crate on the tarmac 121 00:06:03,375 --> 00:06:04,917 and punishing heat. 122 00:06:04,917 --> 00:06:07,375 - He's basically in an oven at this point. 123 00:06:07,375 --> 00:06:09,000 He's stalled there for hours, 124 00:06:09,000 --> 00:06:11,375 and eventually that heat just becomes unbearable 125 00:06:11,375 --> 00:06:13,083 and he strips down inside the crate. 126 00:06:14,875 --> 00:06:17,958 - He's praying that they put him back in the plane 127 00:06:17,958 --> 00:06:21,458 before he passes out or dies of heat exhaustion. 128 00:06:22,708 --> 00:06:25,083 - [Dan] Luckily, Reg survives this near fatal layover 129 00:06:25,083 --> 00:06:28,708 from hell and is loaded on a plane to his final destination. 130 00:06:29,542 --> 00:06:31,708 - Hours upon hours later, 131 00:06:31,708 --> 00:06:35,042 he hears voices complaining about how cumbersome 132 00:06:35,042 --> 00:06:38,958 the box full of Reg is, but he smiles to himself, 133 00:06:38,958 --> 00:06:42,542 'cause he hears the voices, those are Australian accents. 134 00:06:42,542 --> 00:06:43,958 He's made it. 135 00:06:43,958 --> 00:06:46,042 - [Dan] Reg manages to escape his crate 136 00:06:46,042 --> 00:06:49,000 and hitchhike home in time for his daughter's birthday, 137 00:06:49,000 --> 00:06:51,292 all without paying a dime, 138 00:06:51,292 --> 00:06:54,792 but he has forgotten one critical detail. 139 00:06:56,250 --> 00:06:59,417 - Remember his athlete buddy John McSorley back in England? 140 00:06:59,417 --> 00:07:01,417 Reg forgets to call him to tell him 141 00:07:01,417 --> 00:07:03,042 that he made it back safely, 142 00:07:03,042 --> 00:07:06,125 so John is freaking out on the other end. 143 00:07:06,125 --> 00:07:10,583 "Did he die in transit? Did I just kill my friend?" 144 00:07:10,583 --> 00:07:11,833 So, John contacts the authorities. 145 00:07:11,833 --> 00:07:14,208 They start looking and of course, 146 00:07:14,208 --> 00:07:16,833 Reg is found safe and sound at home. 147 00:07:16,833 --> 00:07:19,250 - [Dan] But rather than being prosecuted, 148 00:07:19,250 --> 00:07:21,500 reg becomes a national celebrity 149 00:07:21,500 --> 00:07:24,958 when newspapers across Australia pick up the story. 150 00:07:24,958 --> 00:07:27,542 - The airline doesn't even charge him for shipping 151 00:07:29,375 --> 00:07:32,042 - Reg's perilous journey in a box may seem like 152 00:07:32,042 --> 00:07:33,708 an incredible undertaking, 153 00:07:33,708 --> 00:07:36,542 but it's nothing compared to the brutal sea voyage 154 00:07:36,542 --> 00:07:39,208 of a legendary Navy captain. 155 00:07:39,208 --> 00:07:42,333 [gentle music] 156 00:07:42,333 --> 00:07:44,708 - It's April, 1789 in the South Pacific. 157 00:07:44,708 --> 00:07:48,042 William Bligh, captain of HMS Bounty, 158 00:07:48,042 --> 00:07:50,208 is disheveled and shaken. 159 00:07:50,208 --> 00:07:53,708 He's bound by coarse sailors' rope. 160 00:07:53,708 --> 00:07:55,958 He's a prisoner in his own captain's quarters 161 00:07:55,958 --> 00:07:58,333 with a blunder bus pointed at his head 162 00:07:58,333 --> 00:07:59,583 and the hammer cocked. 163 00:08:01,208 --> 00:08:02,542 - Outside of his cabin, 164 00:08:02,542 --> 00:08:05,042 he can hear the screams of his junior officers 165 00:08:05,042 --> 00:08:06,833 as they're being attacked. 166 00:08:07,792 --> 00:08:09,917 - [Dan] These outlaws aren't pirates, 167 00:08:10,583 --> 00:08:11,833 it's his own crew. 168 00:08:12,708 --> 00:08:14,458 So, why did they turn on him? 169 00:08:16,125 --> 00:08:19,708 - Bligh's mission as captain of the HMS Bounty 170 00:08:19,708 --> 00:08:23,375 is to go to Tahiti and to collect breadfruit trees. 171 00:08:23,375 --> 00:08:25,250 But what happens when they're in Tahiti 172 00:08:25,250 --> 00:08:29,417 is that his crew really likes living in paradise. 173 00:08:29,417 --> 00:08:30,708 A lot of the men fall in love 174 00:08:30,708 --> 00:08:32,750 with some of the women of Tahiti, 175 00:08:32,750 --> 00:08:36,083 and so when Bligh's tells them they have to leave paradise 176 00:08:36,083 --> 00:08:40,250 and their wives, for lack of a better word, behind, 177 00:08:40,250 --> 00:08:41,583 they don't wanna do it. 178 00:08:43,583 --> 00:08:47,833 - Bligh's and 18 loyalists are rounded up, 179 00:08:47,833 --> 00:08:50,292 they're placed on one of Bounty launches, 180 00:08:50,292 --> 00:08:51,875 which is a small skiff. 181 00:08:51,875 --> 00:08:53,917 They're given some food, they're given some water, 182 00:08:53,917 --> 00:08:55,667 they're given some bladed weapons, 183 00:08:55,667 --> 00:08:58,208 but they're not given any firearms. 184 00:08:58,208 --> 00:09:00,875 - [Dan] They're also missing something else important, 185 00:09:00,875 --> 00:09:01,833 charts. 186 00:09:03,250 --> 00:09:05,042 - Bligh and the rest of his crew escape with their lives, 187 00:09:05,042 --> 00:09:08,625 but they realize now that there will be no safe haven 188 00:09:08,625 --> 00:09:12,333 for them until they reach a proper Dutch colony, 189 00:09:12,333 --> 00:09:17,583 which is over 4,000 miles away on the island of Kupang. 190 00:09:19,042 --> 00:09:22,750 So, their odds of survival on this trip are very, very low. 191 00:09:24,083 --> 00:09:27,000 - From brutal storms to dead calm, 192 00:09:28,208 --> 00:09:31,292 Bligh tries his best to keep the crew's minds sharp 193 00:09:31,292 --> 00:09:33,583 by assigning tasks. 194 00:09:33,583 --> 00:09:35,167 - Break down this piece of bread 195 00:09:35,167 --> 00:09:37,042 and the limited rations, 196 00:09:37,042 --> 00:09:39,542 another person helps the captain with navigation. 197 00:09:39,542 --> 00:09:41,708 Keeping your mind on the task 198 00:09:41,708 --> 00:09:43,792 is the difference between life and death. 199 00:09:45,500 --> 00:09:47,000 - [Dan] Miraculously, 200 00:09:47,000 --> 00:09:51,042 with some careful island hopping, on June 14th, 1789, 201 00:09:51,042 --> 00:09:53,042 they reached the island of Kupang. 202 00:09:54,958 --> 00:09:58,417 - Bligh arrives looking like a dead man. 203 00:09:58,417 --> 00:10:00,708 His face is blistered and burnt. 204 00:10:00,708 --> 00:10:03,208 His lips are peeling off. 205 00:10:03,208 --> 00:10:05,042 He can barely stand. 206 00:10:05,042 --> 00:10:07,708 - As the details of this journey become clear to the Dutch, 207 00:10:07,708 --> 00:10:10,292 they are absolutely astonished to learn 208 00:10:10,292 --> 00:10:12,875 that William Bligh has just navigated a small boat 209 00:10:12,875 --> 00:10:17,167 across 4,100 miles of open ocean. 210 00:10:17,167 --> 00:10:20,375 It might be the greatest accomplishment 211 00:10:20,375 --> 00:10:22,708 of seamanship in maritime history. 212 00:10:24,583 --> 00:10:26,250 - [Dan] Bligh's impossible achievement 213 00:10:26,250 --> 00:10:29,708 would spawn two Hollywood blockbusters and a musical. 214 00:10:34,042 --> 00:10:35,375 - Throughout history, explorers have traveled 215 00:10:35,375 --> 00:10:38,125 into the unknown in hopes of pushing mankind forward, 216 00:10:38,125 --> 00:10:41,292 but sometimes it takes man's best friend 217 00:10:41,292 --> 00:10:43,125 to get the job done. 218 00:10:43,125 --> 00:10:45,792 [rocket engine rumbling] 219 00:10:45,792 --> 00:10:47,958 - It's October 4th, 1957 220 00:10:47,958 --> 00:10:51,042 and the Russians have just launched Sputnik. 221 00:10:51,042 --> 00:10:53,708 They are officially winning the space race. 222 00:10:53,708 --> 00:10:56,583 After Sputnik's launch, Nikita Khrushchev, 223 00:10:56,583 --> 00:10:58,292 the leader of the USSR at the time, 224 00:10:58,292 --> 00:11:01,125 decides that Russia needs to stay ahead. 225 00:11:02,375 --> 00:11:05,833 - He wants to send up another satellite, Sputnik 2, 226 00:11:05,833 --> 00:11:10,208 that can also show that it can sustain life. 227 00:11:10,208 --> 00:11:13,500 - Nobody really knows how a human body would react 228 00:11:13,500 --> 00:11:15,708 to being launched into orbit, 229 00:11:15,708 --> 00:11:19,208 and so they come up with the next best thing. 230 00:11:19,208 --> 00:11:22,042 You can't send a man, well, you send his best friend. 231 00:11:23,208 --> 00:11:25,958 - They look for candidates among stray dogs 232 00:11:25,958 --> 00:11:28,333 and they reason that a stray dog 233 00:11:28,333 --> 00:11:33,333 is already used to extreme conditions of cold and hunger. 234 00:11:34,750 --> 00:11:38,458 - They find an adorable stray Husky Spitz mix 235 00:11:38,458 --> 00:11:40,667 that they name Laika. 236 00:11:40,667 --> 00:11:42,042 She's about the right size 237 00:11:42,042 --> 00:11:44,792 and the right demeanor for this type of mission. 238 00:11:45,708 --> 00:11:46,917 - With the clock ticking, 239 00:11:46,917 --> 00:11:49,542 the scientists and engineers put Laika through 240 00:11:49,542 --> 00:11:51,583 a rigorous training program. 241 00:11:51,583 --> 00:11:52,833 - Laika is actually fit 242 00:11:52,833 --> 00:11:55,667 with these surgically implanted sensors 243 00:11:55,667 --> 00:11:58,583 that are gonna collect data on her stress levels 244 00:11:58,583 --> 00:12:00,917 and her vitals so we can really know 245 00:12:00,917 --> 00:12:03,708 and figure out what happens to a living creature 246 00:12:03,708 --> 00:12:05,042 when it's shot into space. 247 00:12:07,083 --> 00:12:08,875 - On the day of the launch, 248 00:12:08,875 --> 00:12:11,667 Laika is put into this tiny little capsule 249 00:12:11,667 --> 00:12:14,083 and fitted to the top of this rocket. 250 00:12:14,083 --> 00:12:18,417 - The countdown starts and at zero the rockets fire 251 00:12:18,417 --> 00:12:20,167 [rocket engine rumbling] 252 00:12:20,167 --> 00:12:22,958 and she's blasted off into space. 253 00:12:25,083 --> 00:12:27,208 - The first few minutes are harrowing. 254 00:12:28,292 --> 00:12:30,917 Her heart rate soars into the danger area 255 00:12:30,917 --> 00:12:33,917 as she's experiencing G-forces 256 00:12:33,917 --> 00:12:36,333 that no living creature has ever experienced. 257 00:12:37,875 --> 00:12:39,208 - On top of this, 258 00:12:39,208 --> 00:12:40,875 there's a malfunction with the heat shield 259 00:12:40,875 --> 00:12:44,375 and the temperatures in the cabin become unbearable. 260 00:12:44,375 --> 00:12:46,167 So, in just five hours, 261 00:12:46,167 --> 00:12:48,167 with the combination of the extreme heat 262 00:12:48,167 --> 00:12:50,833 and the intense pressure of the launch, 263 00:12:50,833 --> 00:12:54,708 Laika becomes the first living creature to enter orbit, 264 00:12:54,708 --> 00:12:57,083 but also the first creature to die in orbit. 265 00:12:58,875 --> 00:13:02,292 - Even though Laika was lost, Laika was first, 266 00:13:02,292 --> 00:13:05,958 so Laika has the fame and the gravitas 267 00:13:05,958 --> 00:13:08,542 that comes from being a pioneer 268 00:13:08,542 --> 00:13:10,375 and giving all for the betterment 269 00:13:10,375 --> 00:13:11,875 and advancement of humanity. 270 00:13:13,875 --> 00:13:17,083 - Even if Laika's mission doesn't have a happy ending, 271 00:13:17,083 --> 00:13:21,042 it is still considered a huge win for Mother Russia. 272 00:13:21,042 --> 00:13:25,042 The same cannot be said for another cursed Russian journey. 273 00:13:27,708 --> 00:13:29,875 - With the turn of the 20th century, 274 00:13:29,875 --> 00:13:33,917 the Japanese empire is becoming an oceanic power 275 00:13:33,917 --> 00:13:37,750 that can rival the established powers of Europe 276 00:13:37,750 --> 00:13:39,708 and the new world. 277 00:13:39,708 --> 00:13:42,000 And in 1904, the Japanese lay siege 278 00:13:42,000 --> 00:13:44,167 to the Russian Harbor at Port Arthur. 279 00:13:45,083 --> 00:13:47,333 If the Japanese take Port Arthur, 280 00:13:47,333 --> 00:13:51,083 it will be a major blow to where Russia stands 281 00:13:51,083 --> 00:13:53,208 as an imperial power, 282 00:13:53,208 --> 00:13:56,333 and it will also be a major blow to prestige. 283 00:13:58,125 --> 00:14:00,292 - In a desperate effort to save face, 284 00:14:00,292 --> 00:14:03,000 Tsar Nicholas decides to send the Russian fleet 285 00:14:03,000 --> 00:14:05,917 to Port Arthur to battle the Japanese Navy. 286 00:14:08,542 --> 00:14:12,583 - The journey to Port Arthur is 18,000 miles down 287 00:14:12,583 --> 00:14:13,875 the west coast of Africa, 288 00:14:13,875 --> 00:14:16,750 up the east coast of Africa into Asia. 289 00:14:16,750 --> 00:14:20,875 - This is a rescue mission that's going to take six months. 290 00:14:20,875 --> 00:14:23,792 Port Arthur is already under siege. 291 00:14:23,792 --> 00:14:26,917 Who know what it's gonna look like in six months? 292 00:14:26,917 --> 00:14:29,667 - Tsar Nicholas appoints Zinovy Rozhestvensky, 293 00:14:29,667 --> 00:14:33,333 a trusted and seasoned naval admiral to lead the charge. 294 00:14:34,375 --> 00:14:37,917 They begin their journey in October, 1904. 295 00:14:37,917 --> 00:14:41,042 - The voyage encounters trouble from the very start. 296 00:14:41,042 --> 00:14:42,750 No sooner have they left port 297 00:14:42,750 --> 00:14:45,958 than two of the ships run aground. 298 00:14:45,958 --> 00:14:48,292 [suspenseful music] 299 00:14:48,292 --> 00:14:51,292 - [Dan] After narrowly escaping this blunder, 300 00:14:51,292 --> 00:14:54,208 the fleet has another close call. 301 00:14:54,208 --> 00:14:57,292 - Despite being halfway around the world from Japan, 302 00:14:57,292 --> 00:15:00,208 the admiral warns the Baltic fleet 303 00:15:00,208 --> 00:15:01,875 that they need to be on high alert 304 00:15:01,875 --> 00:15:04,375 for Japanese torpedo boats, 305 00:15:04,375 --> 00:15:07,583 which spawns this state of paranoia amongst 306 00:15:07,583 --> 00:15:08,542 the entire fleet. 307 00:15:11,333 --> 00:15:13,333 - They're less than a week out of port 308 00:15:13,333 --> 00:15:15,083 in an area that's known as Dogger Bank 309 00:15:15,083 --> 00:15:18,208 when lookouts report the Japanese torpedo boats 310 00:15:18,208 --> 00:15:20,250 are out there and they open fire. 311 00:15:23,125 --> 00:15:26,375 - The fleet manages to sink one of its targets. 312 00:15:26,375 --> 00:15:29,167 The problem is it's a British fishing vessel. 313 00:15:29,167 --> 00:15:31,167 Some of the fishermen are actually killed 314 00:15:31,167 --> 00:15:34,792 and the British are pretty angry about it. 315 00:15:34,792 --> 00:15:36,208 So, now they've run aground. 316 00:15:36,208 --> 00:15:39,000 They've sank a British fishing boat 317 00:15:39,000 --> 00:15:42,000 and almost started a war with the English, 318 00:15:42,000 --> 00:15:45,417 and the fleet still has 17,000 more miles to go. 319 00:15:48,208 --> 00:15:49,542 - After rounding Cape Horn, 320 00:15:49,542 --> 00:15:51,708 the fleet goes into port at Madagascar, 321 00:15:51,708 --> 00:15:53,042 and during that time, 322 00:15:53,042 --> 00:15:54,208 the men make some regrettable decisions 323 00:15:54,208 --> 00:15:56,792 to bring native wild animals aboard the ship, 324 00:15:56,792 --> 00:15:59,625 like crocodiles and venomous snakes. 325 00:15:59,625 --> 00:16:03,125 These animals ultimately break out of confinement 326 00:16:03,125 --> 00:16:05,375 and run amok on board these ships, 327 00:16:05,375 --> 00:16:08,167 causing more problems that the fleet did not need. 328 00:16:12,042 --> 00:16:14,542 - Six months after leaving St. Petersburg, 329 00:16:14,542 --> 00:16:17,333 the Russian Navy finally arrives at Port Arthur 330 00:16:17,333 --> 00:16:19,250 with 38 ships. 331 00:16:20,333 --> 00:16:23,750 However, Port Arthur has already fallen. 332 00:16:23,750 --> 00:16:28,042 Nevertheless, the admiral is determined to prove the metal 333 00:16:28,042 --> 00:16:31,458 of the Russian Navy by engaging the Japanese fleet. 334 00:16:31,458 --> 00:16:35,292 - The admiral of the Japanese Imperial Navy dispatches 335 00:16:35,292 --> 00:16:40,333 120 imperial naval vessels against the Russians' 38. 336 00:16:41,250 --> 00:16:43,458 What follows is a bloodbath. 337 00:16:44,667 --> 00:16:49,208 21 Russian vessels are sunk, others are captured. 338 00:16:49,208 --> 00:16:53,542 The entire Baltic fleet has traveled 18,000 miles 339 00:16:53,542 --> 00:16:54,750 to be annihilated. 340 00:16:55,958 --> 00:17:00,042 It's not only the end to the Russo-Japanese war, 341 00:17:00,042 --> 00:17:02,292 but it's also one of the final nails in the coffin 342 00:17:02,292 --> 00:17:03,875 of the Russian empire. 343 00:17:03,875 --> 00:17:05,125 It will fall. 344 00:17:06,542 --> 00:17:08,750 - In case you think an arduous trip plagued by friendly fire 345 00:17:08,750 --> 00:17:11,917 and escaped wild animals is as awful as it can get, 346 00:17:11,917 --> 00:17:13,125 you better think again. 347 00:17:17,458 --> 00:17:19,083 - Even today, with advanced technology GPS 348 00:17:19,083 --> 00:17:20,250 and insulated clothing, 349 00:17:20,250 --> 00:17:21,417 a journey on foot across Antarctica 350 00:17:21,417 --> 00:17:23,083 is one of the most grueling expeditions 351 00:17:23,083 --> 00:17:24,750 a person can attempt. 352 00:17:24,750 --> 00:17:29,000 You can imagine a hundred years ago it was much worse. 353 00:17:31,375 --> 00:17:34,708 - Exploration is a big thing among aristocrats 354 00:17:34,708 --> 00:17:36,917 in the early 20th century. 355 00:17:36,917 --> 00:17:39,917 It's a way for men to show their manliness 356 00:17:39,917 --> 00:17:41,667 and their adventurous nature 357 00:17:41,667 --> 00:17:45,333 without doing something like having to work for a living. 358 00:17:45,333 --> 00:17:50,167 In 1912, three such explorers land in Antarctica 359 00:17:50,167 --> 00:17:54,375 and they are the Far Eastern Shore Party 360 00:17:54,375 --> 00:17:57,292 led by geologists Douglas Mawson. 361 00:17:58,375 --> 00:18:01,792 - Their goal is to map the mountains 362 00:18:01,792 --> 00:18:04,000 and the coasts of Antarctica 363 00:18:04,000 --> 00:18:06,250 on the side that faces Australia. 364 00:18:06,250 --> 00:18:07,708 And Mawson, of course, 365 00:18:07,708 --> 00:18:10,792 wants to bring a couple of his BFFs along. 366 00:18:10,792 --> 00:18:12,250 Lieutenant Belgrave Ninnis, 367 00:18:12,250 --> 00:18:14,208 a British officer who is essentially 368 00:18:14,208 --> 00:18:16,042 a sled dog whisperer. 369 00:18:16,417 --> 00:18:20,375 - And Xavier Mertz, a Swedish lawyer 370 00:18:20,375 --> 00:18:22,583 and accomplished cross country skier. 371 00:18:24,292 --> 00:18:27,542 This mission is gonna be difficult. 372 00:18:27,542 --> 00:18:30,250 We're talking about super cold temperatures 373 00:18:30,250 --> 00:18:32,667 of negative 70 degrees Fahrenheit, 374 00:18:32,667 --> 00:18:36,292 super fast winds of 200 miles per hour, 375 00:18:36,292 --> 00:18:40,708 and snow-covered crevasses that are basically pits of death. 376 00:18:42,042 --> 00:18:43,250 - [Dan] As the men set out on their journey, 377 00:18:43,250 --> 00:18:46,333 strange things start happening right away. 378 00:18:46,333 --> 00:18:49,250 - Mawson, he has a dream that his dad dies, 379 00:18:49,250 --> 00:18:53,375 and unbeknownst to him, his dad dies. 380 00:18:53,375 --> 00:18:56,875 Soon after that, one of the pregnant huskies gives birth 381 00:18:56,875 --> 00:18:58,917 and devours her puppies. 382 00:18:58,917 --> 00:19:03,792 - Then a seabird comes along and dive bombs into their sled 383 00:19:03,792 --> 00:19:05,500 and kills itself. 384 00:19:07,250 --> 00:19:10,542 - Even worse, the men start hearing this cracking sound 385 00:19:10,542 --> 00:19:13,125 that they describe as cannon fire. 386 00:19:14,208 --> 00:19:16,708 It's actually the ground below them threatening 387 00:19:16,708 --> 00:19:19,500 to crack open at any time. 388 00:19:19,500 --> 00:19:21,125 That'll keep you up at night. 389 00:19:22,083 --> 00:19:24,375 - [Dan] Despite these ominous signs, 390 00:19:24,375 --> 00:19:27,042 the men are able to cross over 300 miles 391 00:19:27,042 --> 00:19:30,167 within the first 30 days of their expedition. 392 00:19:30,167 --> 00:19:31,375 - On a mission like this, 393 00:19:31,375 --> 00:19:33,875 conserving energy is vitally important. 394 00:19:33,875 --> 00:19:36,667 They've already run through a lot of their supplies, 395 00:19:36,667 --> 00:19:37,875 so they think, 396 00:19:37,875 --> 00:19:40,875 "How about we just get rid of one of the sleds?" 397 00:19:40,875 --> 00:19:42,833 So they redistribute the items. 398 00:19:42,833 --> 00:19:44,208 On Ninnis' sled, 399 00:19:44,208 --> 00:19:47,000 they put their food and shelter supplies. 400 00:19:47,000 --> 00:19:49,958 On Mawson's sled, they put their sleeping bags, their books, 401 00:19:49,958 --> 00:19:51,375 and a few other items, 402 00:19:51,375 --> 00:19:53,917 and Mertz is going to ski the rest of the way. 403 00:19:55,125 --> 00:19:56,792 - As the group continues their journey, 404 00:19:56,792 --> 00:19:58,750 Mertz raises a ski pole, 405 00:19:58,750 --> 00:20:03,375 which means he has detected some sort of potential danger. 406 00:20:03,375 --> 00:20:06,667 Mawson is the second man in the formation, 407 00:20:06,667 --> 00:20:10,125 so as he sees this signal from Mertz, 408 00:20:10,125 --> 00:20:13,042 he turns around to relay it to Ninnis 409 00:20:13,042 --> 00:20:15,583 and he notices Ninnis isn't there. 410 00:20:17,083 --> 00:20:21,375 - Mertz and Mawson decide to go back and look for Ninnis 411 00:20:21,375 --> 00:20:25,208 and what they find is a huge, gaping hole in the ice, 412 00:20:25,208 --> 00:20:27,583 and all they see is a ledge 413 00:20:27,583 --> 00:20:29,750 with a couple of suffering dogs on it, 414 00:20:29,750 --> 00:20:32,875 but Ninnis the sled, the other dogs, 415 00:20:32,875 --> 00:20:34,458 they're nowhere to be found. 416 00:20:34,458 --> 00:20:35,958 - In addition to losing Ninnis, 417 00:20:35,958 --> 00:20:38,750 they have lost a lot of dogs, they have lost their shelter, 418 00:20:38,750 --> 00:20:40,875 they have lost their food and supplies. 419 00:20:42,125 --> 00:20:43,833 - And it gets worse from there. 420 00:20:43,833 --> 00:20:45,333 In less than three months, 421 00:20:45,333 --> 00:20:48,875 their ride home is gonna be leaving for six months. 422 00:20:48,875 --> 00:20:51,542 So, now they have a deadline that they have to meet, 423 00:20:51,542 --> 00:20:53,750 or they're not going home from Antarctica. 424 00:20:56,250 --> 00:20:57,958 The number one priority for Mawson 425 00:20:57,958 --> 00:21:00,708 and Mertz now is nutrition. 426 00:21:00,708 --> 00:21:03,958 - So, the decision is made to kill the weakest dog. 427 00:21:03,958 --> 00:21:05,542 They eat the meat, 428 00:21:05,542 --> 00:21:08,625 focusing on the liver because it's nutritionally dense. 429 00:21:08,625 --> 00:21:11,292 It has a lot of vitamins and minerals, 430 00:21:11,292 --> 00:21:14,500 specifically a lot of iron and a lot of vitamin A. 431 00:21:16,042 --> 00:21:17,875 - Now, they're moving along, 432 00:21:17,875 --> 00:21:21,583 but Mertz is starting to lose it, literally. 433 00:21:21,583 --> 00:21:26,625 His skin is starting to peel off his legs in sheets. 434 00:21:27,708 --> 00:21:29,458 Is it frostbite? Are his organs failing? 435 00:21:29,458 --> 00:21:30,750 Is it contagious? 436 00:21:31,875 --> 00:21:34,000 Before long, he dies. 437 00:21:35,542 --> 00:21:36,917 - [Dan] with no time to grieve, 438 00:21:36,917 --> 00:21:38,667 Mawson must trudge on, 439 00:21:38,667 --> 00:21:41,875 but as he gathers himself and prepares to make way, 440 00:21:41,875 --> 00:21:44,292 he removes his boots to find that his skin 441 00:21:44,292 --> 00:21:47,167 is also peeling off in sheets. 442 00:21:47,167 --> 00:21:48,875 - What Mawson doesn't know 443 00:21:48,875 --> 00:21:52,000 is that because of the fact livers are so incredibly full 444 00:21:52,000 --> 00:21:53,458 of vitamin A, 445 00:21:53,458 --> 00:21:55,875 focusing on the liver is not something that is used 446 00:21:55,875 --> 00:21:58,292 for long-term survival situations. 447 00:21:58,292 --> 00:22:00,833 So, what Mawson actually is suffering from 448 00:22:00,833 --> 00:22:02,042 is vitamin A poisoning. 449 00:22:03,708 --> 00:22:08,458 - Mawson can't really have any emotional reaction to this. 450 00:22:08,458 --> 00:22:10,750 He has to put those boots back on 451 00:22:10,750 --> 00:22:13,542 and try to get back to the base camp 452 00:22:13,542 --> 00:22:15,542 before the ship leaves without him. 453 00:22:16,875 --> 00:22:21,083 - Finally, Mawson makes it back to the edge of base camp, 454 00:22:21,083 --> 00:22:22,667 and as he peers out, 455 00:22:22,667 --> 00:22:27,417 he sees that the resupply ship is sailing away. 456 00:22:28,917 --> 00:22:33,083 He made it to base camp just in time to see the ship leave. 457 00:22:36,333 --> 00:22:40,250 - This has to have felt incredibly heartbreaking, 458 00:22:40,250 --> 00:22:42,250 but there is actually a little bit 459 00:22:42,250 --> 00:22:44,583 of light in this tunnel of darkness. 460 00:22:44,583 --> 00:22:47,375 Mawson goes onto the base camp 461 00:22:47,375 --> 00:22:50,000 and he finds a rescue party that is there. 462 00:22:50,000 --> 00:22:52,167 They're about to send out a search party, 463 00:22:52,167 --> 00:22:56,042 and instead they all over winter together there at base camp 464 00:22:56,042 --> 00:22:59,708 and they actually all make it off of Antarctica alive. 465 00:23:00,708 --> 00:23:02,917 Even today, a trek across Antarctica 466 00:23:02,917 --> 00:23:05,375 is considered one of the hardest things you 467 00:23:05,375 --> 00:23:07,250 could possibly undertake. 468 00:23:07,250 --> 00:23:09,333 This is an extraordinary achievement. 469 00:23:11,250 --> 00:23:13,125 - Mawson's crew may have given their lives 470 00:23:13,125 --> 00:23:15,125 to map the Antarctic tundra, 471 00:23:15,125 --> 00:23:16,667 but they never dared explore 472 00:23:16,667 --> 00:23:18,625 what was buried deep beneath it. 473 00:23:22,917 --> 00:23:24,042 - Former President John Quincy Adams 474 00:23:24,042 --> 00:23:25,000 had a lot going for him. 475 00:23:25,000 --> 00:23:26,167 He spoke seven languages, 476 00:23:26,167 --> 00:23:29,333 served on the Supreme Court after being president, 477 00:23:29,333 --> 00:23:32,625 and his IQ has been estimated at 175, 478 00:23:32,625 --> 00:23:34,792 even higher than Einstein's. 479 00:23:34,792 --> 00:23:38,458 So, it might surprise you to hear he funded one 480 00:23:38,458 --> 00:23:40,792 of the strangest missions in American history. 481 00:23:43,375 --> 00:23:46,375 - It's the 1820s, we're in Washington, DC, 482 00:23:46,375 --> 00:23:47,875 and President John Quincy Adams 483 00:23:47,875 --> 00:23:51,417 is ready to approve a pretty shocking expedition. 484 00:23:51,417 --> 00:23:55,167 Is it a new passageway west for expansion? 485 00:23:55,167 --> 00:23:56,625 No. 486 00:23:56,625 --> 00:23:59,083 Is it to explore new trade routes through South 487 00:23:59,083 --> 00:24:00,958 or Central America? 488 00:24:00,958 --> 00:24:02,167 Not even close. 489 00:24:02,167 --> 00:24:05,042 Quincy Adams is being asked to fund an expedition 490 00:24:05,042 --> 00:24:08,708 to send search parties deep beneath the earth's surface, 491 00:24:08,708 --> 00:24:12,750 hoping to discover subterranean worlds and conduct trade 492 00:24:12,750 --> 00:24:16,292 with a race of people who maybe live there. 493 00:24:16,292 --> 00:24:17,625 According to some, 494 00:24:17,625 --> 00:24:19,708 Quincy Adams is a believer in what's called 495 00:24:19,708 --> 00:24:21,542 the hollow earth theory. 496 00:24:24,542 --> 00:24:26,417 - The idea that the earth may be hollow 497 00:24:26,417 --> 00:24:29,083 and hide hidden worlds is actually a theory 498 00:24:29,083 --> 00:24:30,875 that goes back all the way to the ancient Greeks, 499 00:24:30,875 --> 00:24:32,958 but in the 1700s and in the 1800s 500 00:24:32,958 --> 00:24:36,292 is when it really picks up steam in Europe and the Americas. 501 00:24:36,292 --> 00:24:37,833 There's one man in particular, 502 00:24:37,833 --> 00:24:41,875 a guy by the name of John Cleves Symmes, who, in 1818, 503 00:24:41,875 --> 00:24:45,208 writes a piece known as "Circular No. 1." 504 00:24:46,542 --> 00:24:50,375 - Symmes postulates that there's two pathways 505 00:24:50,375 --> 00:24:52,208 to the hollow center of the earth, 506 00:24:52,208 --> 00:24:55,667 one on the North Pole and one on the South Pole. 507 00:24:55,667 --> 00:24:58,542 And then if we dig deep enough, 508 00:24:58,542 --> 00:25:02,000 we can find those pathways and get to this new world. 509 00:25:03,417 --> 00:25:05,042 - Symmes is ready to make this happen, 510 00:25:05,042 --> 00:25:08,125 and so he calls out from 100 brave souls 511 00:25:08,125 --> 00:25:09,875 to help him dig into the earth 512 00:25:09,875 --> 00:25:12,583 and to try to find these hidden worlds 513 00:25:12,583 --> 00:25:14,208 that lie just beneath our feet. 514 00:25:15,250 --> 00:25:16,708 - As an enticement, 515 00:25:16,708 --> 00:25:18,750 he tells these would-be volunteers 516 00:25:18,750 --> 00:25:22,833 they're gonna find worlds full of men, full of riches, 517 00:25:22,833 --> 00:25:27,500 and full of this great phrase, "Thrifty vegetables." 518 00:25:27,500 --> 00:25:29,500 I guess this is what a world looks like 519 00:25:29,500 --> 00:25:31,833 before the discovery of gold, 520 00:25:31,833 --> 00:25:34,708 that the chance for riches comes in the form 521 00:25:34,708 --> 00:25:36,792 of thrifty vegetables. 522 00:25:36,792 --> 00:25:37,875 - Now, most people would obviously think 523 00:25:37,875 --> 00:25:39,500 that an idea like this is crazy, 524 00:25:39,500 --> 00:25:42,500 but it's not that farfetched to the president 525 00:25:42,500 --> 00:25:44,583 of the United States. 526 00:25:44,583 --> 00:25:49,625 - There's some debate about whether Adams was all in 527 00:25:50,375 --> 00:25:51,708 on the hollow earth theory, 528 00:25:51,708 --> 00:25:55,833 or if he just wanted to do some exploration 529 00:25:55,833 --> 00:25:57,792 of the North and South Poles. 530 00:25:59,125 --> 00:26:02,250 - Sadly, for Symmes and Quincy Adams, and the Mole People, 531 00:26:02,250 --> 00:26:05,000 Adams is voted out in favor of Andrew Jackson, 532 00:26:05,000 --> 00:26:08,458 who was far too busy with above ground natives 533 00:26:08,458 --> 00:26:11,583 to bother with any subterranean natives. 534 00:26:11,583 --> 00:26:12,833 With government funding gone, 535 00:26:12,833 --> 00:26:15,000 Symmes would die a few years later, 536 00:26:15,000 --> 00:26:17,958 never realizing his dream of meeting the Mole People 537 00:26:17,958 --> 00:26:20,542 and eating their thrifty vegetables. 538 00:26:22,375 --> 00:26:25,083 - Quincy Adams' Hollow Earth expedition might not be 539 00:26:25,083 --> 00:26:28,583 the most unbelievable expedition funded by a president. 540 00:26:28,583 --> 00:26:31,375 Imagine millions of military dollars spent 541 00:26:31,375 --> 00:26:33,042 on a voyage of the mind. 542 00:26:35,875 --> 00:26:38,000 - Conventional espionage is, 543 00:26:38,000 --> 00:26:39,833 although a very successful way 544 00:26:39,833 --> 00:26:41,667 of gathering intelligence about a potential foe, 545 00:26:41,667 --> 00:26:44,375 it's also very difficult. 546 00:26:44,375 --> 00:26:46,750 So, during the decades of the Cold War, 547 00:26:46,750 --> 00:26:48,958 the government comes up with a plan. 548 00:26:48,958 --> 00:26:52,667 The US military establishes operations Stargate. 549 00:26:52,667 --> 00:26:55,708 This is a program by which 10 or 15 men are trained 550 00:26:55,708 --> 00:26:57,375 at Fort Mead in Maryland 551 00:26:57,375 --> 00:27:01,250 in a psychological exercise that's called remote viewing. 552 00:27:03,250 --> 00:27:04,708 - What is remote viewing? 553 00:27:04,708 --> 00:27:08,375 Well, simply put, it is psychic spying. 554 00:27:08,375 --> 00:27:13,333 The principle of psychic spying is that people use the power 555 00:27:13,333 --> 00:27:18,333 of their mind to locate all the usual intelligence targets, 556 00:27:19,958 --> 00:27:24,167 missile silos, military bases, ballistic missile submarines, 557 00:27:24,167 --> 00:27:25,083 that sort of thing. 558 00:27:26,167 --> 00:27:28,208 - The advantage offered by remote viewing 559 00:27:28,208 --> 00:27:31,333 is that you get all of the successes associated 560 00:27:31,333 --> 00:27:35,208 with conventional espionage without taking on the hazards 561 00:27:35,208 --> 00:27:38,667 and the risks of sending somebody behind the lines 562 00:27:38,667 --> 00:27:41,208 of a potentially hostile country. 563 00:27:41,208 --> 00:27:42,708 - We know through declassified documents 564 00:27:42,708 --> 00:27:44,917 that the United States government is interested 565 00:27:44,917 --> 00:27:49,875 in phenomena like extrasensory perception since the 1950s, 566 00:27:49,875 --> 00:27:53,417 but it doesn't really take off until the late '60s 567 00:27:53,417 --> 00:27:55,958 and early '70s where there's whispers 568 00:27:55,958 --> 00:27:58,542 that the Russians might also be dabbling 569 00:27:58,542 --> 00:28:00,750 in this psychic ability. 570 00:28:02,708 --> 00:28:05,792 - [Dan] But does psychic spying actually work? 571 00:28:05,792 --> 00:28:10,042 - Turns out the results are way better 572 00:28:10,042 --> 00:28:13,125 than chance alone should allow. 573 00:28:13,125 --> 00:28:15,875 Some of the estimates about the success rate 574 00:28:15,875 --> 00:28:19,792 of this program put the figure at 70, 80%. 575 00:28:21,333 --> 00:28:22,708 - From these experiments, 576 00:28:22,708 --> 00:28:27,458 the Army identifies six, quote, "Star performers." 577 00:28:27,458 --> 00:28:31,667 One of these star performers is named Joseph McMoneagle. 578 00:28:32,875 --> 00:28:34,917 - During his remote viewing session, 579 00:28:34,917 --> 00:28:37,083 he begins to sketch out what he's seeing. 580 00:28:38,750 --> 00:28:42,083 - McMoneagle claims that he's capable of seeing deep 581 00:28:42,083 --> 00:28:45,208 into the Soviet Union and he observes the construction 582 00:28:45,208 --> 00:28:46,583 of a large submarine, 583 00:28:46,583 --> 00:28:49,458 and what McMoneagle describes ends up being 584 00:28:49,458 --> 00:28:52,792 the typhoon class of Soviet ballistic missile submarines 585 00:28:52,792 --> 00:28:56,500 six months before their existence is made public. 586 00:28:56,500 --> 00:28:58,958 - But while McMoneagle is seen as a star performer, 587 00:28:58,958 --> 00:29:01,625 he's not even the best one of the group, 588 00:29:01,625 --> 00:29:03,542 that would be his colleague Pat Price, 589 00:29:03,542 --> 00:29:06,458 who is deemed a psychic treasure. 590 00:29:06,458 --> 00:29:09,667 Pat Price is supposedly successful in being able 591 00:29:09,667 --> 00:29:13,208 to infiltrate an underground Soviet nuclear research site. 592 00:29:13,208 --> 00:29:16,375 - Price claims to remote view the development 593 00:29:16,375 --> 00:29:19,042 of a particle beam weapon that the Soviets are going to use 594 00:29:19,042 --> 00:29:20,458 to shoot down satellites. 595 00:29:22,583 --> 00:29:23,875 - [Dan] Despite its promise, 596 00:29:23,875 --> 00:29:27,000 operation Stargate never really takes off. 597 00:29:28,208 --> 00:29:31,000 - Eventually, the CIA decides that it's time 598 00:29:31,000 --> 00:29:32,792 to revisit remote viewing, 599 00:29:32,792 --> 00:29:37,458 and in 1995 decides it's time to scuttle the program. 600 00:29:37,458 --> 00:29:40,417 - But there's a suspicion that it's only in public 601 00:29:40,417 --> 00:29:42,125 that the plug has been pulled. 602 00:29:42,125 --> 00:29:46,042 Some people believe these programs continue to this day. 603 00:29:46,042 --> 00:29:49,625 There is a theory that this is a classic black op. 604 00:29:49,625 --> 00:29:51,167 It's still going on, 605 00:29:51,167 --> 00:29:54,375 but it's buried somewhere in the private sector perhaps. 606 00:29:56,208 --> 00:29:58,375 - Brings a whole new meaning to the idea 607 00:29:58,375 --> 00:29:59,292 of working from home. 608 00:30:03,542 --> 00:30:04,542 - When it comes to horrific 609 00:30:04,542 --> 00:30:05,958 cannibalistic voyages gone wrong, 610 00:30:05,958 --> 00:30:08,583 many say the tragic story of the Donner Party stands 611 00:30:08,583 --> 00:30:10,208 at the top of the heap, 612 00:30:10,208 --> 00:30:13,458 but some historians think there's another brutal tale 613 00:30:13,458 --> 00:30:16,792 that makes the Donner Party look like a luxury vacation. 614 00:30:18,125 --> 00:30:22,083 - In The Louvre hangs a massive haunting painting depicting 615 00:30:22,083 --> 00:30:25,208 a huge wooden raft loaded with desperate people 616 00:30:25,208 --> 00:30:28,000 being tossed around in a horrific storm. 617 00:30:29,042 --> 00:30:32,625 Their starving faces registers such pain, 618 00:30:32,625 --> 00:30:35,875 it's known to make people who see it in person weep. 619 00:30:36,875 --> 00:30:39,083 It's called "The Raft of the Medusa," 620 00:30:39,083 --> 00:30:42,250 and the most chilling thing about it is it really happened. 621 00:30:43,500 --> 00:30:46,500 - It's 1816 and the French frigate, "The Medusa," 622 00:30:46,500 --> 00:30:51,375 is sailing to Senegal to reclaim the Senegal colony 623 00:30:51,375 --> 00:30:54,083 from the British as part of a peace treaty. 624 00:30:55,125 --> 00:30:57,125 - The Medusa's captain is a member 625 00:30:57,125 --> 00:30:59,875 of the French nobility named Hugues Duroy de Chaumareys. 626 00:30:59,875 --> 00:31:02,000 He is assigned captain, 627 00:31:02,000 --> 00:31:05,292 not so much because of merit, but because of his title. 628 00:31:05,292 --> 00:31:08,333 He's a mariner, but he hasn't been to sea in over 20 years. 629 00:31:08,333 --> 00:31:11,000 And because of this gap in his career, 630 00:31:11,000 --> 00:31:13,833 he wants to show everyone that he's still got it. 631 00:31:13,833 --> 00:31:15,208 - [Dan] As the captain sets sail, 632 00:31:15,208 --> 00:31:18,250 he's hell bent on making the trip in record time, 633 00:31:18,250 --> 00:31:21,042 even if that means cutting corners. 634 00:31:21,042 --> 00:31:24,250 - Captain Hugues decides to hug the African coast 635 00:31:24,250 --> 00:31:27,458 rather than going further afield into a calmer 636 00:31:27,458 --> 00:31:29,458 and more open seas. 637 00:31:29,458 --> 00:31:30,917 - Here's the problem, 638 00:31:30,917 --> 00:31:34,000 the coast of Senegal is literally a ship's graveyard. 639 00:31:34,792 --> 00:31:36,042 - By hugging the coast, 640 00:31:36,042 --> 00:31:37,583 the captain has made the decision 641 00:31:37,583 --> 00:31:41,875 that he's willing to accept that risk of an unseen hazard 642 00:31:41,875 --> 00:31:43,458 that could destroy his vessel 643 00:31:43,458 --> 00:31:46,417 in an attempt to complete the journey as fast as possible. 644 00:31:47,542 --> 00:31:49,333 - Sure enough, on July 2nd, 645 00:31:49,333 --> 00:31:54,250 the Medusa collides with a reef and comes to a brutal stop. 646 00:31:55,542 --> 00:31:58,375 - The captain and crew have one opportunity 647 00:31:58,375 --> 00:32:00,500 to perhaps free themselves from this dilemma. 648 00:32:01,917 --> 00:32:04,125 They need to give the ship more buoyancy, 649 00:32:04,125 --> 00:32:06,542 and the idea is to jettison as much weight as possible 650 00:32:06,542 --> 00:32:10,708 in order to hopefully lift the ship so it can sail free. 651 00:32:10,708 --> 00:32:12,208 - Usually, at this point in time, 652 00:32:12,208 --> 00:32:14,208 what you would throw overboard 653 00:32:14,208 --> 00:32:17,042 is that what you did not need to survive, 654 00:32:17,042 --> 00:32:20,208 cannons, powder, cannon balls. 655 00:32:20,208 --> 00:32:23,542 But instead, Captain Hugues decides to order the crew 656 00:32:23,542 --> 00:32:25,958 to throw away the things that you might need, 657 00:32:25,958 --> 00:32:29,208 water, food, critical supplies. 658 00:32:29,208 --> 00:32:31,542 He insists on keeping the cannons 659 00:32:31,542 --> 00:32:33,042 in case they're attacked. 660 00:32:33,500 --> 00:32:36,125 - Eventually the situation sets in there's the realization 661 00:32:36,125 --> 00:32:38,708 that Medusa is not going to be freed. 662 00:32:38,708 --> 00:32:41,000 The ship is hopelessly aground. 663 00:32:42,208 --> 00:32:44,542 The problem that they face then is what to do next, 664 00:32:44,542 --> 00:32:48,250 because they're 30 miles from shore, too far to swim, 665 00:32:48,250 --> 00:32:50,208 but close enough for them to think 666 00:32:50,208 --> 00:32:52,083 that they could come up with a plan 667 00:32:52,083 --> 00:32:55,417 to get everyone safely ashore just 30 miles away. 668 00:32:56,875 --> 00:32:58,875 - Since they don't have nearly enough lifeboats 669 00:32:58,875 --> 00:33:00,167 for all on board, 670 00:33:00,167 --> 00:33:02,042 the decision is made to abandon the Medusa 671 00:33:02,042 --> 00:33:04,125 and create a massive raft 672 00:33:04,125 --> 00:33:06,125 by tying together timber from the masts 673 00:33:06,125 --> 00:33:07,875 and other pieces of the ship. 674 00:33:07,875 --> 00:33:10,292 The idea is that the captain and senior crew 675 00:33:10,292 --> 00:33:14,125 will get in the lifeboats and tow the raft towards shore. 676 00:33:14,125 --> 00:33:16,042 - The officers enter into the lifeboats, 677 00:33:16,042 --> 00:33:17,708 the crew starts getting onto the raft, 678 00:33:17,708 --> 00:33:20,042 and they realize the raft 679 00:33:20,042 --> 00:33:23,125 is actually not keeping them above the water. 680 00:33:23,125 --> 00:33:26,042 - There is one measly patch of dry raft, 681 00:33:26,042 --> 00:33:27,917 but it's quickly grabbed by the Navy officers 682 00:33:27,917 --> 00:33:30,042 who put themselves in charge. 683 00:33:30,042 --> 00:33:32,750 - Before even starting the 30-mile journey to shore, 684 00:33:32,750 --> 00:33:35,375 the naval personnel in the dry area, 685 00:33:35,375 --> 00:33:37,000 and the infantry personnel fighting 686 00:33:37,000 --> 00:33:38,542 to get onto the dry area, 687 00:33:38,542 --> 00:33:41,125 they're literally throwing each other off of the raft. 688 00:33:43,042 --> 00:33:44,458 - To make matters worse, 689 00:33:44,458 --> 00:33:47,708 the captain and his crew who are rowing realize 690 00:33:47,708 --> 00:33:49,042 they're barely making a dent 691 00:33:49,042 --> 00:33:52,208 in terms of moving this raft towards shore, 692 00:33:52,208 --> 00:33:53,750 and the captain makes the decision 693 00:33:53,750 --> 00:33:57,375 that the best course of action is to actually cut the raft 694 00:33:58,875 --> 00:34:00,458 so that the lifeboats can move forward 695 00:34:00,458 --> 00:34:03,292 and hopefully get help and bring it back. 696 00:34:03,292 --> 00:34:05,875 - [Dan] Set adrift and unable to navigate to shore 697 00:34:05,875 --> 00:34:07,208 without a captain, 698 00:34:07,208 --> 00:34:10,625 the situation rapidly descends into chaos. 699 00:34:10,625 --> 00:34:13,375 - There are 150 people. 700 00:34:13,375 --> 00:34:16,167 On their raft, they are completely exposed 701 00:34:16,167 --> 00:34:17,750 to the elements. 702 00:34:17,750 --> 00:34:20,208 The sunlight during the daytime just piercing down on them. 703 00:34:20,208 --> 00:34:22,417 They have barrels of wine 704 00:34:22,417 --> 00:34:25,458 and a few biscuits to sustain themselves. 705 00:34:25,458 --> 00:34:29,042 - Things are so bad that people start eating their shoes, 706 00:34:29,042 --> 00:34:31,250 their belts, their clothing, 707 00:34:31,250 --> 00:34:34,958 anything that they think would be of sustenance. 708 00:34:34,958 --> 00:34:40,042 - By day four, only 67 people are still alive on the raft. 709 00:34:40,042 --> 00:34:42,583 The others killed either by starvation, 710 00:34:42,583 --> 00:34:44,250 drowning, or fighting. 711 00:34:45,375 --> 00:34:47,542 - As the fourth day turns to the fifth day, 712 00:34:47,542 --> 00:34:49,750 they begin to look at the bodies of the dead 713 00:34:49,750 --> 00:34:52,208 and think the unthinkable. 714 00:34:52,208 --> 00:34:53,542 The survivors on the raft 715 00:34:53,542 --> 00:34:55,583 of the Medusa begin eating the dead. 716 00:34:57,500 --> 00:34:59,250 As they're deciding who to eat, 717 00:34:59,250 --> 00:35:01,958 they look off to the distant horizon 718 00:35:01,958 --> 00:35:03,417 and something catches their eyes. 719 00:35:04,667 --> 00:35:09,333 - It's a ship, which turns out to be the Argus, 720 00:35:09,333 --> 00:35:12,750 not only French, but a part of their original convoy 721 00:35:12,750 --> 00:35:14,417 that's now been sent for rescue. 722 00:35:15,625 --> 00:35:18,792 - Of the original 150 on the raft of the Medusa, 723 00:35:18,792 --> 00:35:20,667 only 15 are rescued. 724 00:35:21,833 --> 00:35:24,292 Captain Hugues is charged with dereliction of duty 725 00:35:24,292 --> 00:35:25,875 and reckless navigation. 726 00:35:25,875 --> 00:35:27,500 Because of his noble status, 727 00:35:27,500 --> 00:35:31,042 he skirts the death penalty and gets three years in prison, 728 00:35:31,042 --> 00:35:33,167 plus a lifetime of shame 729 00:35:33,167 --> 00:35:36,083 as perhaps the worst captain in French naval history. 730 00:35:38,583 --> 00:35:39,917 - It seems the term, 731 00:35:39,917 --> 00:35:42,125 "The captain goes down with the ship," 732 00:35:42,125 --> 00:35:44,250 doesn't translate to French very well. 733 00:35:48,708 --> 00:35:50,333 - We've talked about extraordinary journeys 734 00:35:50,333 --> 00:35:52,625 on boats and planes, even voyages of the mind, 735 00:35:52,625 --> 00:35:55,833 but what about the ultimate trip through time? 736 00:35:55,833 --> 00:35:57,667 Some claim it's possible 737 00:35:57,667 --> 00:36:00,375 and that the evidence has been captured on film. 738 00:36:02,833 --> 00:36:05,417 - There's a weird phenomenon that we have online 739 00:36:05,417 --> 00:36:07,375 where photos from the 1800s 740 00:36:07,375 --> 00:36:10,292 or the early 1900s pop up every once in a while, 741 00:36:10,292 --> 00:36:12,542 but there's something kind of weird about them, 742 00:36:12,542 --> 00:36:15,042 an object or a person is standing in this photo 743 00:36:15,042 --> 00:36:17,333 and it's anachronistic in time. 744 00:36:17,333 --> 00:36:18,667 They shouldn't be there. 745 00:36:19,750 --> 00:36:22,333 - One of the most famous is taken in the '40s. 746 00:36:22,333 --> 00:36:26,333 There's a crowd of people on the street and at first glance, 747 00:36:26,333 --> 00:36:27,833 nothing seems that outta place, 748 00:36:27,833 --> 00:36:30,542 but then you look a little bit more closely. 749 00:36:30,542 --> 00:36:34,542 Your eyes are drawn to this one figure and it's like, 750 00:36:34,542 --> 00:36:35,625 "Wait a minute, 751 00:36:35,625 --> 00:36:39,375 this guy's got Brooklyn hipster vibes. 752 00:36:39,375 --> 00:36:40,917 - [Dan] In fact, he's known as 753 00:36:40,917 --> 00:36:42,542 the Time Traveling Hipster. 754 00:36:43,625 --> 00:36:44,833 - The sunglasses, 755 00:36:44,833 --> 00:36:47,875 they resemble sort of sunglasses people wear today, 756 00:36:47,875 --> 00:36:51,583 as if they came out of a 21st century surfer shop. 757 00:36:52,583 --> 00:36:55,333 His hair is not sort of slicked back 758 00:36:55,333 --> 00:36:57,042 in the traditional 1940s style. 759 00:36:57,042 --> 00:37:00,958 It's got that kind of messy, hipstery kind of look. 760 00:37:00,958 --> 00:37:04,042 He's wearing a shirt with a M logo, 761 00:37:04,042 --> 00:37:05,542 and he's holding an object 762 00:37:05,542 --> 00:37:08,000 that looks almost like a portable camera 763 00:37:08,000 --> 00:37:09,375 or a small phone even. 764 00:37:09,375 --> 00:37:11,542 So, for time travel aficionados, 765 00:37:11,542 --> 00:37:14,333 this individual really stands out. 766 00:37:15,667 --> 00:37:17,625 - [Dan] This hipster isn't the only person 767 00:37:17,625 --> 00:37:21,083 who appears to be out of place in time. 768 00:37:21,083 --> 00:37:24,792 - Another great example is the silent Charlie Chaplin film, 769 00:37:24,792 --> 00:37:26,583 "The Circus," in 1928. 770 00:37:26,583 --> 00:37:29,750 We have this video of a woman walking through the street 771 00:37:29,750 --> 00:37:32,917 and she's carrying what looks to be a cell phone. 772 00:37:32,917 --> 00:37:36,250 She's holding up to her ear as if she's speaking to someone 773 00:37:36,250 --> 00:37:38,208 or checking her voicemail. 774 00:37:38,208 --> 00:37:43,292 - This is 60 years before cell phones really become popular. 775 00:37:43,292 --> 00:37:45,625 Skeptics say this is far more likely 776 00:37:45,625 --> 00:37:48,708 to be some sort of ear trumpet. 777 00:37:48,708 --> 00:37:53,750 But wait, ear trumpets are used up close and personal 778 00:37:54,708 --> 00:37:56,083 where you're sitting next to somebody 779 00:37:56,083 --> 00:37:58,208 and you want to hear the conversation. 780 00:37:58,208 --> 00:38:00,375 You don't use them walking down the street. 781 00:38:00,375 --> 00:38:02,375 So, there's still a mystery here. 782 00:38:03,542 --> 00:38:05,958 - Not every time traveler visits the past. 783 00:38:05,958 --> 00:38:09,375 Witness one bewildered pilot's shocking glimpse 784 00:38:09,375 --> 00:38:11,250 of a war yet to come. 785 00:38:12,667 --> 00:38:16,042 - It's 1935 in Scotland and Air Marshal Victor Goddard, 786 00:38:16,042 --> 00:38:18,417 who's a well-decorated RAF pilot, 787 00:38:18,417 --> 00:38:21,625 is flying his biplane over an airfield near Drem. 788 00:38:21,625 --> 00:38:23,958 - He pays attention to it long enough to notice 789 00:38:23,958 --> 00:38:27,708 that it is in derelict condition, it is run down. 790 00:38:27,708 --> 00:38:30,292 He can see that there's grass growing up through cracks 791 00:38:30,292 --> 00:38:31,583 in the runway. 792 00:38:31,583 --> 00:38:34,292 The entire place appears neglected and abandoned. 793 00:38:34,292 --> 00:38:37,125 He even sees cows chewing on the grass 794 00:38:37,125 --> 00:38:38,542 in the middle of the runway 795 00:38:40,875 --> 00:38:41,875 - As he flies forward, 796 00:38:41,875 --> 00:38:46,208 Goddard is engulfed in this sudden storm, 797 00:38:46,208 --> 00:38:48,875 wind, rain, lightning, thunder. 798 00:38:48,875 --> 00:38:53,417 Oddly enough, he's swallowed by this yellow strange cloud. 799 00:38:55,375 --> 00:38:57,375 - He turns around and starts to head 800 00:38:57,375 --> 00:38:58,833 in the opposite direction. 801 00:38:58,833 --> 00:39:02,208 And when he does, the airfield he just flew over, 802 00:39:02,208 --> 00:39:05,083 it's no longer in disarray. 803 00:39:05,083 --> 00:39:07,375 There's airmen working on it, 804 00:39:07,375 --> 00:39:09,250 there's planes on the landing strip, 805 00:39:09,250 --> 00:39:12,917 it's totally not what he just saw seconds ago 806 00:39:12,917 --> 00:39:14,042 when he flew over Drem. 807 00:39:15,292 --> 00:39:17,792 - It appears to be in operational use. 808 00:39:17,792 --> 00:39:20,208 - [Dan] Confused, Goddard takes note 809 00:39:20,208 --> 00:39:22,667 of some other odd details. 810 00:39:22,667 --> 00:39:24,792 - He looks down and he sees that the RAF training aircraft 811 00:39:24,792 --> 00:39:26,917 that are parked along the field are not silver 812 00:39:26,917 --> 00:39:29,000 as they were in 1935, 813 00:39:30,042 --> 00:39:31,667 but they're painted yellow 814 00:39:31,667 --> 00:39:34,667 and one of the aircraft stands out as unusual to him 815 00:39:34,667 --> 00:39:36,667 because it's a low wing monoplane 816 00:39:36,667 --> 00:39:38,875 of a type that he had never seen before. 817 00:39:38,875 --> 00:39:42,375 - And the airmen who work on those planes, typically, 818 00:39:42,375 --> 00:39:45,667 in his time, wear kind of a beige khaki color, 819 00:39:45,667 --> 00:39:47,833 but now they're all wearing blue. 820 00:39:49,583 --> 00:39:52,167 - Suddenly, Goddard's right back in the storm. 821 00:39:52,167 --> 00:39:55,875 It's not sunny, it's raining, lightning, thunder, 822 00:39:55,875 --> 00:39:58,542 and here comes the mysterious yellow cloud 823 00:39:58,542 --> 00:40:00,750 swallowing Goddard's biplane again. 824 00:40:02,083 --> 00:40:04,583 - [Dan] Goddard makes it back to his own base 825 00:40:04,583 --> 00:40:07,542 and files an official report of this strange sighting, 826 00:40:07,542 --> 00:40:09,750 despite the risk to his career. 827 00:40:10,500 --> 00:40:12,042 It's not unheard of 828 00:40:12,042 --> 00:40:14,292 that people would report something out of the ordinary, 829 00:40:14,292 --> 00:40:15,750 but if you were to return home 830 00:40:15,750 --> 00:40:18,333 and report something like this, this level of detail, 831 00:40:18,333 --> 00:40:20,292 more than likely your next appointment 832 00:40:20,292 --> 00:40:22,458 is gonna be with a psychiatrist. 833 00:40:22,458 --> 00:40:24,542 - The story sort of just goes nowhere 834 00:40:24,542 --> 00:40:26,083 and gets lost to history, 835 00:40:26,083 --> 00:40:30,667 but something strange happens a few years later in 1939. 836 00:40:30,667 --> 00:40:33,708 England is now fighting a war against Nazi Germany 837 00:40:33,708 --> 00:40:37,375 and the airfield and Drem becomes repurposed. 838 00:40:37,375 --> 00:40:39,042 - [Dan] The recommissioned airfield of Drem 839 00:40:39,042 --> 00:40:43,167 has some eerie but familiar characteristics. 840 00:40:43,167 --> 00:40:45,667 - By 1939, the RAF decides 841 00:40:45,667 --> 00:40:47,542 to start painting training planes yellow, 842 00:40:47,542 --> 00:40:49,792 just as Goddard had seen four years ago. 843 00:40:51,042 --> 00:40:53,792 - The British also developed new aircraft technology 844 00:40:53,792 --> 00:40:55,458 to compete with the Germans, 845 00:40:55,458 --> 00:40:58,542 Spitfire, a Monoplaned fighter, 846 00:40:58,542 --> 00:41:01,625 similar to what Goddard says he saw back in '35. 847 00:41:01,625 --> 00:41:03,875 - And there's a third coincidence, 848 00:41:03,875 --> 00:41:07,667 RAF mechanics have switched their uniforms from tan to blue, 849 00:41:07,667 --> 00:41:10,125 just as Goddard had seen four years earlier 850 00:41:10,125 --> 00:41:12,708 when he was engulfed by the strange yellow cloud. 851 00:41:14,083 --> 00:41:18,542 - So, did this decorated RAF commander have a hallucination? 852 00:41:18,542 --> 00:41:20,542 Did he imagine all of this, 853 00:41:20,542 --> 00:41:23,542 or did he encounter what is called a time slip? 854 00:41:23,542 --> 00:41:26,625 - Now, Goddard wins medals, he fights with honor. 855 00:41:26,625 --> 00:41:29,042 I mean, he is considered a hero 856 00:41:29,042 --> 00:41:30,708 of the Second World War for the British, 857 00:41:30,708 --> 00:41:33,500 but he never backs down from his story 858 00:41:33,500 --> 00:41:36,708 that in 1935 he saw the future. 859 00:41:38,250 --> 00:41:40,708 - Whether you're uncovering secrets at the core of the earth 860 00:41:40,708 --> 00:41:44,833 or up in space, by a wooden crate, or through your mind, 861 00:41:44,833 --> 00:41:46,875 these are the voyages so astonishing, 862 00:41:46,875 --> 00:41:49,583 they are truly unbelievable.